Monday, January 25, 2010

To the unknown base

Let's evaluate the following wigglish expression :

            3x4x2x5.

Telescoping from the left, we get

            3x4x2x5 = (3x + 4)x2x5,
                 = (3x2 + 4x + 2)x5,
                 = 3x3 + 4x2 + 2x + 5.

So in brief, we get

            3x4x2x5 = 3x3 + 4x2 + 2x + 5.

The pattern that suggests itself here is true in general---a polynomial in the variable x can be thought of as a number in base x.

Polynomials can be added, subtracted, and multiplied as if they were numbers in base x.  For instance

            (3x3 + 4x2 + x + 5) + (x3 + 2x2 + 7x +2)
                = 4x3 + 6x2 + 8x + 7

becomes

            3x4x1x5 + 1x2x7x2
                = 4x6x8x7.

The last calculation resembles the ordinary addition 3415+1272 = 4687.

The product

            (x+2)(x+3) = x2+5x+6

can be rendered

            (1x2)(1x3) = 1x5x6

and this resembles the ordinary numerical product 12×13 = 156.

Base x calculations do not always agree with corresponding decimal calculations.  The base x calculation is most often actually simpler, because there is no carrying, as there with ordinary numbers, e.g. :

            (15)(15) = 11025 = 225,

but, (no carrying steps this time),

            (1x5)(1x5) = 1x10x25.

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